Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award Totally Explained

Everything about The Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award totally explained

The Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award was established in 1959 in honor of a scientist who helped elevate American physics to world leadership. E. O. Lawrence was the inventor of the cyclotron, an accelerator of subatomic particles, and a 1939 Nobel Laureate in physics for that achievement. The Radiation Laboratory he developed at Berkeley during the 1930s ushered in the era of “big science,” in which experiments were no longer done by an individual researcher and a few assistants on the table-top of an academic lab but by large, multidisciplinary teams of scientists and engineers in entire buildings full of sophisticated equipment and huge scientific machines. During World War II, Lawrence and his accelerators contributed to the Manhattan Project, and he later played a leading role in establishing the U.S. system of national laboratories, two of which (Lawrence Berkeley and Lawrence Livermore) now bear his name.
   Shortly after Lawrence's death in August 1958, John A. McCone, Chairman of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, wrote to President Eisenhower suggesting the establishment of a memorial award in Lawrence's name. President Eisenhower agreed, saying, "Such an award would seem to me to be most fitting, both as a recognition of what he's given to our country and to mankind, and as a means of helping to carry forward his work through inspiring others to dedicate their lives and talents to scientific effort." The first Lawrence Awards were given in 1960.
   The Ernest Orlando Lawrence Awards honor scientists and engineers, at mid-career, showing promise for the future, for exceptional contributions in research and development supporting the Department of Energy and its mission to advance the national, economic and energy security of the United States.
   Each Lawrence Award recipient receives a citation signed by the Secretary of Energy, a gold medal bearing the likeness of Ernest Orlando Lawrence, and a $50,000 honorarium.

Nomination and Selection Procedures

The Ernest Orlando Lawrence Awards honor scientists and engineers, at mid-career, showing promise for the future, for exceptional contributions in research and development supporting the U.S. Department of Energy and its mission to advance the national, economic and energy security of the United States.
Currently awards are given in even-numbered years. One Lawrence Award is given in each of the following seven fields:

Chemistry
Environmental Science and Technology
Life Sciences (including Medicine)
Materials Research
National Security
Nuclear Technology
Physics

The objectives of the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Awards are:

to inspire people of all ages through the examples of Ernest 0rlando Lawrence and the Lawrence Award laureates; and

to highlight for the general public the accomplishments of the U.S. scientific community.

Criteria

Recipients must be in their mid-careers (defined as within 20 years of receiving a Ph.D. or M.D.).

The award is given for a relatively recent achievement (rather than for a lifetime of achievements).

Recipients must be citizens of the United States.

Nominations will be judged primarily on the scientific and technical significance of the work to its field (rather than for leadership ability).

Nomination Materials

Nomination is made by a letter of justification, curriculum vitae, and a bibliography of significant publications.
Nominations must indicate clearly the field for which the person is being nominated (Chemistry, Environmental Science and Technology, Life Sciences, Materials Research, National Security, Nuclear Technology, Physics).
A few letters supporting the nomination from individuals who are familiar with the work are helpful.

Selection

Approximately 4000 research organizations and individuals are invited to nominate candidates for the Lawrence Awards. The recipients are chosen in a multi-step review process. For each award category, a screening panel of esteemed scientists and engineers representing National Laboratories, universities, and private-sector research organizations reviews the nominations and makes recommendations to the Interagency Awards Committee. The Committee, composed of senior science executives from major Federal research organizations, reviews the screening panel’s recommendations and, in turn, makes recommendations to the Secretary of Energy through the Director, Office of Science. The Secretary of Energy gives the award on behalf of the Department of Energy.

Award Laureates

1960

Harvey Brooks

John S. Foster, Jr.

Isadore Perlman

Norman F. Ramsey, Jr.

Alvin M. Weinberg 1961

Leo Brewer

Henry Hurwitz Jr.

Conrad L. Longmire

Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky

Kenneth E. Wilzbach 1962

Andrew A. Benson

Richard P. Feynman

Herbert Goldstein

Anthony L. Turkevich

Herbert F. York 1963

Herbert J.C. Kouts

L. James Rainwater

Louis Rosen

James M. Taub

Cornelius A. Tobias 1964

Jacob Bigeleisen

Albert L. Latter

Harvey M. Pratt

Marshall N. Rosenbuth

Theos J. Thompson 1965

George A. Cowan

Floyd M. Culler

Milton C. Edlund

Theodore B. Taylor

Arthur C. Upton 1966

Harold M. Agnew

Ernest C. Anderson

Murray Gell-Mann

John R. Huizenga

Paul R. Vanstrum 1967

Mortimer M. Elkind

John M. Googin

Allen F. Henry

John O. Rasmussen

Robert N. Thorn 1968

James R. Arnold

E. Richard Cohen

Val L. Fitch

Richard Latter

John B. Storer 1969

Geoffrey F. Chew

Don T. Cromer

Ely M. Gelbard

F. Newton Hayes

John H. Nuckolls 1970

William J. Bair

James W. Cobble

Joseph M. Hendrie

Michael M. May

Andrew M. Sessler 1971

Thomas B. Cook

Robert L. Fleischer

Robert L. Hellens

P. Buford Price

Robert M. Walker 1972

Charles C. Cremer

Sidney D. Drell

Marvin Goldman

David A. Shirley

Paul F. Zweifel 1973

Louis Baker

Seymour Sack

Thomas E. Wainwright

James Robert Weir

Sheldon Wolff 1974

Joseph Cerny

Harold Paul Fourth

Henry C. Honeck

Charles A. McDonald

Chester R.Richmond 1975

Evan H. Appelman

Charles E. Elderkin

William A. Lokke

Burton Richter

Samuel C. Ting 1976

A. Philip Bray

James W. Cronin

Kaye D. Lathrop

Adolphus L. Lotts

Edwin D. McClanahan 1977

James D. Bjorken

John L. Emmett

F. William Studier

Gareth Thomas

Dean A. Waters 1980

Donald W. Barr

B. Grant Logan

Nicholas P. Samios

Benno P. Schoenborn

Charles D. Scott 1981

Martin Blume

Yuan Tseh Lee

Fred R. Mynatt

Paul B. Selby

Lowell L. Wood 1982

George F. Chapline, Jr.

Mitchell J. Feigenbaum

Michael J. Lineberry

Nicholas Turro

Raymond E. Wildung 1983

James F. Jackson

Michael E. Phelps

Paul H. Rutherford

Mark S. Wrighton

George B. Zimmerman 1984

Robert W. Conn

John J. Dunn

Peter L. Hagelstein

Siegfried S. Hecker

Robert B. Laughlin

Kenneth N. Raymond 1985

Anthony P. Malinauskas

William H. Miller

David R. Nygren

Gordon C. Osbourn

Betsy Sutherland

Thomas A. Weaver 1986

James J. Duderstadt

Helen T. Edwards

Joe W. Gray

C. Bradley Moore

Gustavus J. Simmons

James L. Smith 1987

James W. Gordon

Miklos Gyulassy

Sung-Hou Kim

James L. Kinsey

J. Robert Merriman

David E. Moncton 1988

Mary K. Gaillard

Richard T. Lahey, Jr.

Chain Tsuan Liu

Gene H. McCall

Alexander Pines

Joseph S. Wall 1990

John J. Dorning

James R. Norris

S. Thomas Picraux

Wayne J. Shotts

Maury Tigner

F. Ward Whicker 1991

Zachary Fisk

Richard Fortner

Rulon Linford

Peter Schultz

Richard E. Smalley

J. Pace Vandevender 1993

James G. Anderson

Robert G. Bergman

Alan R. Bishop

Yoon I. Chang

Robert K. Moyzis

John W. Shanner

Carl Wieman 1994

John D. Boice, Jr.

E. Michael Campbell

Gregory J. Kubas

Edward William Larsen

John D. Lindl

Gerard M. Ludtka

George F. Smoot

John E. Till 1996

Charles Roger Alcock

Mina J. Bissell

Thom H. Dunning, Jr.

Charles V. Jakowatz, Jr.

Sunil K. Sinha

Theofanis G. Theofanous

Jorge Luis Valdes 1998

Dan Gabriel Cacuci

Joanna S. Fowler

Laura H. Greene

Steven E: Koonin

Mark H. Thiemens

Ahmed H. Zewail 2002

C. Jeffrey Brinker

Claire M. Fraser

Bruce T. Goodwin

Keith O. Hodgson

Saul Perlmutter

Benjamin D. Santer

Paul J. Turinsky 2004

Richard B. Elkind

Nathaniel J. Fisch

Bette Korber

Claire Ellen Max

Fred N. Mortensen

Richard J. Saykally

Ivan K. Schuller

Gregory W. Swift 2006(External Link

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Paul Alivisatos and Moungi Bawendi, Materials Research

Malcolm J. Andrews, National Security

Arup K. Chakraborty, Life Sciences

My Hang V. Huynh, Chemistry

Marc Kamionkowski, Physics

John Zachara, Environmental Science and Technology

Steven Zinkle, Nuclear TechnologyFurther Information

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